Sebastian Dröge f8ed8dd613 wavenc: Allow setcaps to be called after a format was negotiated if it's compatible
Otherwise wavenc will fail if upstream decides to set equivalent caps or caps
with additional information later.

Thanks to Alexander Schremmer for finding this bug.
2011-05-14 11:52:12 +02:00

749 lines
21 KiB
C

/* -*- mOde: C; tab-width: 2; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 2 -*- */
/* GStreamer .wav encoder
* Copyright (C) <2002> Iain Holmes <iain@prettypeople.org>
* Copyright (C) <2006> Tim-Philipp Müller <tim centricular net>
*
* This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Library General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
* License along with this library; if not, write to the
* Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
* Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*
*/
/**
* SECTION:element-wavenc
*
* Format a audio stream into the wav format.
*
*/
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
#include "config.h"
#endif
#include <string.h>
#include "gstwavenc.h"
#include <gst/riff/riff-media.h>
GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_STATIC (wavenc_debug);
#define GST_CAT_DEFAULT wavenc_debug
struct riff_struct
{
guint8 id[4]; /* RIFF */
guint32 len;
guint8 wav_id[4]; /* WAVE */
};
struct chunk_struct
{
guint8 id[4];
guint32 len;
};
struct common_struct
{
guint16 wFormatTag;
guint16 wChannels;
guint32 dwSamplesPerSec;
guint32 dwAvgBytesPerSec;
guint16 wBlockAlign;
guint16 wBitsPerSample; /* Only for PCM */
};
struct wave_header
{
struct riff_struct riff;
struct chunk_struct format;
struct common_struct common;
struct chunk_struct data;
};
/* FIXME: mono doesn't produce correct files it seems, at least mplayer xruns */
/* Max. of two channels, more channels need WAVFORMATEX with
* channel layout, which we do not support yet */
#define SINK_CAPS \
"audio/x-raw-int, " \
"rate = (int) [ 1, MAX ], " \
"channels = (int) [ 1, 2 ], " \
"endianness = (int) LITTLE_ENDIAN, " \
"width = (int) 32, " \
"depth = (int) 32, " \
"signed = (boolean) true" \
"; " \
"audio/x-raw-int, " \
"rate = (int) [ 1, MAX ], " \
"channels = (int) [ 1, 2 ], " \
"endianness = (int) LITTLE_ENDIAN, " \
"width = (int) 24, " \
"depth = (int) 24, " \
"signed = (boolean) true" \
"; " \
"audio/x-raw-int, " \
"rate = (int) [ 1, MAX ], " \
"channels = (int) [ 1, 2 ], " \
"endianness = (int) LITTLE_ENDIAN, " \
"width = (int) 16, " \
"depth = (int) 16, " \
"signed = (boolean) true" \
"; " \
"audio/x-raw-int, " \
"rate = (int) [ 1, MAX ], " \
"channels = (int) [ 1, 2 ], " \
"width = (int) 8, " \
"depth = (int) 8, " \
"signed = (boolean) false" \
"; " \
"audio/x-raw-float, " \
"rate = (int) [ 1, MAX ], " \
"channels = (int) [ 1, 2 ], " \
"endianness = (int) LITTLE_ENDIAN, " \
"width = (int) { 32, 64 }; " \
"audio/x-alaw, " \
"rate = (int) [ 8000, 192000 ], " \
"channels = (int) [ 1, 2 ], " \
"width = (int) 8, " \
"depth = (int) 8, " \
"signed = (boolean) false; " \
"audio/x-mulaw, " \
"rate = (int) [ 8000, 192000 ], " \
"channels = (int) [ 1, 2 ], " \
"width = (int) 8, " \
"depth = (int) 8, " \
"signed = (boolean) false"
static GstStaticPadTemplate sink_factory = GST_STATIC_PAD_TEMPLATE ("sink",
GST_PAD_SINK,
GST_PAD_ALWAYS,
GST_STATIC_CAPS (SINK_CAPS)
);
static GstStaticPadTemplate src_factory = GST_STATIC_PAD_TEMPLATE ("src",
GST_PAD_SRC,
GST_PAD_ALWAYS,
GST_STATIC_CAPS ("audio/x-wav")
);
GST_BOILERPLATE (GstWavEnc, gst_wavenc, GstElement, GST_TYPE_ELEMENT);
static GstFlowReturn gst_wavenc_chain (GstPad * pad, GstBuffer * buf);
static gboolean gst_wavenc_event (GstPad * pad, GstEvent * event);
static GstStateChangeReturn gst_wavenc_change_state (GstElement * element,
GstStateChange transition);
static gboolean gst_wavenc_sink_setcaps (GstPad * pad, GstCaps * caps);
static void
gst_wavenc_base_init (gpointer g_class)
{
GstElementClass *element_class = GST_ELEMENT_CLASS (g_class);
gst_element_class_set_details_simple (element_class, "WAV audio muxer",
"Codec/Muxer/Audio",
"Encode raw audio into WAV", "Iain Holmes <iain@prettypeople.org>");
gst_element_class_add_pad_template (element_class,
gst_static_pad_template_get (&src_factory));
gst_element_class_add_pad_template (element_class,
gst_static_pad_template_get (&sink_factory));
GST_DEBUG_CATEGORY_INIT (wavenc_debug, "wavenc", 0, "WAV encoder element");
}
static void
gst_wavenc_class_init (GstWavEncClass * klass)
{
GstElementClass *element_class;
element_class = (GstElementClass *) klass;
element_class->change_state = GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_wavenc_change_state);
}
static void
gst_wavenc_init (GstWavEnc * wavenc, GstWavEncClass * klass)
{
wavenc->sinkpad = gst_pad_new_from_static_template (&sink_factory, "sink");
gst_pad_set_chain_function (wavenc->sinkpad,
GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_wavenc_chain));
gst_pad_set_event_function (wavenc->sinkpad,
GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_wavenc_event));
gst_pad_set_setcaps_function (wavenc->sinkpad,
GST_DEBUG_FUNCPTR (gst_wavenc_sink_setcaps));
gst_element_add_pad (GST_ELEMENT (wavenc), wavenc->sinkpad);
wavenc->srcpad = gst_pad_new_from_static_template (&src_factory, "src");
gst_pad_use_fixed_caps (wavenc->srcpad);
gst_pad_set_caps (wavenc->srcpad,
gst_static_pad_template_get_caps (&src_factory));
gst_element_add_pad (GST_ELEMENT (wavenc), wavenc->srcpad);
}
#define WAV_HEADER_LEN 44
static GstBuffer *
gst_wavenc_create_header_buf (GstWavEnc * wavenc, guint audio_data_size)
{
struct wave_header wave;
GstBuffer *buf;
guint8 *header;
buf = gst_buffer_new_and_alloc (WAV_HEADER_LEN);
header = GST_BUFFER_DATA (buf);
memset (header, 0, WAV_HEADER_LEN);
wave.common.wChannels = wavenc->channels;
wave.common.wBitsPerSample = wavenc->width;
wave.common.dwSamplesPerSec = wavenc->rate;
/* Fill out our wav-header with some information */
memcpy (wave.riff.id, "RIFF", 4);
wave.riff.len = audio_data_size + WAV_HEADER_LEN - 8;
memcpy (wave.riff.wav_id, "WAVE", 4);
memcpy (wave.format.id, "fmt ", 4);
wave.format.len = 16;
wave.common.wFormatTag = wavenc->format;
wave.common.wBlockAlign = (wavenc->width / 8) * wave.common.wChannels;
wave.common.dwAvgBytesPerSec =
wave.common.wBlockAlign * wave.common.dwSamplesPerSec;
memcpy (wave.data.id, "data", 4);
wave.data.len = audio_data_size;
memcpy (header, (char *) wave.riff.id, 4);
GST_WRITE_UINT32_LE (header + 4, wave.riff.len);
memcpy (header + 8, (char *) wave.riff.wav_id, 4);
memcpy (header + 12, (char *) wave.format.id, 4);
GST_WRITE_UINT32_LE (header + 16, wave.format.len);
GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (header + 20, wave.common.wFormatTag);
GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (header + 22, wave.common.wChannels);
GST_WRITE_UINT32_LE (header + 24, wave.common.dwSamplesPerSec);
GST_WRITE_UINT32_LE (header + 28, wave.common.dwAvgBytesPerSec);
GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (header + 32, wave.common.wBlockAlign);
GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (header + 34, wave.common.wBitsPerSample);
memcpy (header + 36, (char *) wave.data.id, 4);
GST_WRITE_UINT32_LE (header + 40, wave.data.len);
gst_buffer_set_caps (buf, GST_PAD_CAPS (wavenc->srcpad));
return buf;
}
static GstFlowReturn
gst_wavenc_push_header (GstWavEnc * wavenc, guint audio_data_size)
{
GstFlowReturn ret;
GstBuffer *outbuf;
/* seek to beginning of file */
gst_pad_push_event (wavenc->srcpad,
gst_event_new_new_segment (FALSE, 1.0, GST_FORMAT_BYTES, 0, -1, 0));
GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (wavenc, "writing header with datasize=%u", audio_data_size);
outbuf = gst_wavenc_create_header_buf (wavenc, audio_data_size);
GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (outbuf) = 0;
ret = gst_pad_push (wavenc->srcpad, outbuf);
if (ret != GST_FLOW_OK) {
GST_WARNING_OBJECT (wavenc, "push header failed: flow = %s",
gst_flow_get_name (ret));
}
return ret;
}
static gboolean
gst_wavenc_sink_setcaps (GstPad * pad, GstCaps * caps)
{
GstWavEnc *wavenc;
GstStructure *structure;
const gchar *name;
gint chans, rate, width;
wavenc = GST_WAVENC (gst_pad_get_parent (pad));
if (wavenc->sent_header && !gst_caps_can_intersect (caps, GST_PAD_CAPS (pad))) {
GST_WARNING_OBJECT (wavenc, "cannot change format in middle of stream");
goto fail;
}
GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (wavenc, "got caps: %" GST_PTR_FORMAT, caps);
structure = gst_caps_get_structure (caps, 0);
name = gst_structure_get_name (structure);
if (!gst_structure_get_int (structure, "channels", &chans) ||
!gst_structure_get_int (structure, "rate", &rate)) {
GST_WARNING_OBJECT (wavenc, "caps incomplete");
goto fail;
}
if (strcmp (name, "audio/x-raw-int") == 0) {
if (!gst_structure_get_int (structure, "width", &width)) {
GST_WARNING_OBJECT (wavenc, "caps incomplete");
goto fail;
}
wavenc->format = GST_RIFF_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
wavenc->width = width;
} else if (strcmp (name, "audio/x-raw-float") == 0) {
if (!gst_structure_get_int (structure, "width", &width)) {
GST_WARNING_OBJECT (wavenc, "caps incomplete");
goto fail;
}
wavenc->format = GST_RIFF_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT;
wavenc->width = width;
} else if (strcmp (name, "audio/x-alaw") == 0) {
wavenc->format = GST_RIFF_WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW;
wavenc->width = 8;
} else if (strcmp (name, "audio/x-mulaw") == 0) {
wavenc->format = GST_RIFF_WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW;
wavenc->width = 8;
} else {
GST_WARNING_OBJECT (wavenc, "Unsupported format %s", name);
goto fail;
}
wavenc->channels = chans;
wavenc->rate = rate;
GST_LOG_OBJECT (wavenc,
"accepted caps: format=0x%04x chans=%u width=%u rate=%u",
wavenc->format, wavenc->channels, wavenc->width, wavenc->rate);
gst_object_unref (wavenc);
return TRUE;
fail:
gst_object_unref (wavenc);
return FALSE;
}
#if 0
static struct _maps
{
const guint32 id;
const gchar *name;
} maps[] = {
{
GST_RIFF_INFO_IARL, "Location"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_IART, "Artist"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_ICMS, "Commissioner"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_ICMT, "Comment"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_ICOP, "Copyright"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_ICRD, "Creation Date"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_IENG, "Engineer"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_IGNR, "Genre"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_IKEY, "Keywords"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_INAM, "Title"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_IPRD, "Product"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_ISBJ, "Subject"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_ISFT, "Software"}, {
GST_RIFF_INFO_ITCH, "Technician"}
};
static guint32
get_id_from_name (const char *name)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < G_N_ELEMENTS (maps); i++) {
if (strcasecmp (maps[i].name, name) == 0) {
return maps[i].id;
}
}
return 0;
}
static void
write_metadata (GstWavEnc * wavenc)
{
GString *info_str;
GList *props;
int total = 4;
gboolean need_to_write = FALSE;
info_str = g_string_new ("LIST INFO");
for (props = wavenc->metadata->properties->properties; props;
props = props->next) {
GstPropsEntry *entry = props->data;
const char *name;
guint32 id;
name = gst_props_entry_get_name (entry);
id = get_id_from_name (name);
if (id != 0) {
const char *text;
char *tmp;
int len, req, i;
need_to_write = TRUE; /* We've got at least one entry */
gst_props_entry_get_string (entry, &text);
len = strlen (text) + 1; /* The length in the file includes the \0 */
tmp = g_strdup_printf ("%" GST_FOURCC_FORMAT "%d%s", GST_FOURCC_ARGS (id),
GUINT32_TO_LE (len), text);
g_string_append (info_str, tmp);
g_free (tmp);
/* Check that we end on an even boundary */
req = ((len + 8) + 1) & ~1;
for (i = 0; i < req - len; i++) {
g_string_append_printf (info_str, "%c", 0);
}
total += req;
}
}
if (need_to_write) {
GstBuffer *buf;
/* Now we've got all the strings together, we can write our length in */
info_str->str[4] = GUINT32_TO_LE (total);
buf = gst_buffer_new ();
gst_buffer_set_data (buf, info_str->str, info_str->len);
gst_pad_push (wavenc->srcpad, GST_DATA (buf));
g_string_free (info_str, FALSE);
}
}
static void
write_cues (GstWavEnc * wavenc)
{
GString *cue_string, *point_string;
GstBuffer *buf;
GList *cue_list, *c;
int num_cues, total = 4;
if (gst_props_get (wavenc->metadata->properties,
"cues", &cue_list, NULL) == FALSE) {
/* No cues, move along please, nothing to see here */
return;
}
/* Space for 'cue ', chunk size and number of cuepoints */
cue_string = g_string_new ("cue ");
#define CUEPOINT_SIZE 24
point_string = g_string_sized_new (CUEPOINT_SIZE);
for (c = cue_list, num_cues = 0; c; c = c->next, num_cues++) {
GstCaps *cue_caps = c->data;
guint32 pos;
gst_props_get (cue_caps->properties, "position", &pos, NULL);
point_string->str[0] = GUINT32_TO_LE (num_cues + 1);
point_string->str[4] = GUINT32_TO_LE (0);
/* Fixme: There is probably a macro for this */
point_string->str[8] = 'd';
point_string->str[9] = 'a';
point_string->str[10] = 't';
point_string->str[11] = 'a';
point_string->str[12] = GUINT32_TO_LE (0);
point_string->str[16] = GUINT32_TO_LE (0);
point_string->str[20] = GUINT32_TO_LE (pos);
total += CUEPOINT_SIZE;
}
/* Set the length and chunk size */
cue_string->str[4] = GUINT32_TO_LE (total);
cue_string->str[8] = GUINT32_TO_LE (num_cues);
/* Stick the cue points on the end */
g_string_append (cue_string, point_string->str);
g_string_free (point_string, TRUE);
buf = gst_buffer_new ();
gst_buffer_set_data (buf, cue_string->str, cue_string->len);
gst_pad_push (wavenc->srcpad, GST_DATA (buf));
g_string_free (cue_string, FALSE);
}
static void
write_labels (GstWavEnc * wavenc)
{
GstBuffer *buf;
GString *info_str;
int total = 4;
GList *caps;
info_str = g_string_new ("LIST adtl");
if (gst_props_get (wavenc->metadata->properties, "ltxts", &caps, NULL)) {
GList *p;
int i;
for (p = caps, i = 1; p; p = p->next, i++) {
GstCaps *ltxt_caps = p->data;
GString *ltxt;
char *label = NULL;
int len, req, j;
gst_props_get (ltxt_caps->properties, "name", &label, NULL);
len = strlen (label);
#define LTXT_SIZE 28
ltxt = g_string_new ("ltxt ");
ltxt->str[8] = GUINT32_TO_LE (i); /* Identifier */
ltxt->str[12] = GUINT32_TO_LE (0); /* Sample Length */
ltxt->str[16] = GUINT32_TO_LE (0); /* FIXME: Don't save the purpose yet */
ltxt->str[20] = GUINT16_TO_LE (0); /* Country */
ltxt->str[22] = GUINT16_TO_LE (0); /* Language */
ltxt->str[24] = GUINT16_TO_LE (0); /* Dialect */
ltxt->str[26] = GUINT16_TO_LE (0); /* Code Page */
g_string_append (ltxt, label);
g_free (label);
len += LTXT_SIZE;
ltxt->str[4] = GUINT32_TO_LE (len);
/* Check that we end on an even boundary */
req = ((len + 8) + 1) & ~1;
for (j = 0; j < req - len; j++) {
g_string_append_printf (ltxt, "%c", 0);
}
total += req;
g_string_append (info_str, ltxt->str);
g_string_free (ltxt, TRUE);
}
}
if (gst_props_get (wavenc->metadata->properties, "labels", &caps, NULL)) {
GList *p;
int i;
for (p = caps, i = 1; p; p = p->next, i++) {
GstCaps *labl_caps = p->data;
GString *labl;
char *label = NULL;
int len, req, j;
gst_props_get (labl_caps->properties, "name", &label, NULL);
len = strlen (label);
#define LABL_SIZE 4
labl = g_string_new ("labl ");
labl->str[8] = GUINT32_TO_LE (i);
g_string_append (labl, label);
g_free (label);
len += LABL_SIZE;
labl->str[4] = GUINT32_TO_LE (len);
/* Check our size */
req = ((len + 8) + 1) & ~1;
for (j = 0; j < req - len; j++) {
g_string_append_printf (labl, "%c", 0);
}
total += req;
g_string_append (info_str, labl->str);
g_string_free (labl, TRUE);
}
}
if (gst_props_get (wavenc->metadata->properties, "notes", &caps, NULL)) {
GList *p;
int i;
for (p = caps, i = 1; p; p = p->next, i++) {
GstCaps *note_caps = p->data;
GString *note;
char *label = NULL;
int len, req, j;
gst_props_get (note_caps->properties, "name", &label, NULL);
len = strlen (label);
#define NOTE_SIZE 4
note = g_string_new ("note ");
note->str[8] = GUINT32_TO_LE (i);
g_string_append (note, label);
g_free (label);
len += NOTE_SIZE;
note->str[4] = GUINT32_TO_LE (len);
/* Size check */
req = ((len + 8) + 1) & ~1;
for (j = 0; j < req - len; j++) {
g_string_append_printf (note, "%c", 0);
}
total += req;
g_string_append (info_str, note->str);
g_string_free (note, TRUE);
}
}
info_str->str[4] = GUINT32_TO_LE (total);
buf = gst_buffer_new ();
gst_buffer_set_data (buf, info_str->str, info_str->len);
gst_pad_push (wavenc->srcpad, GST_DATA (buf));
g_string_free (info_str, FALSE);
}
#endif
static gboolean
gst_wavenc_event (GstPad * pad, GstEvent * event)
{
gboolean res = TRUE;
GstWavEnc *wavenc;
wavenc = GST_WAVENC (gst_pad_get_parent (pad));
switch (GST_EVENT_TYPE (event)) {
case GST_EVENT_EOS:{
GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (wavenc, "got EOS");
#if 0
/* Write our metadata if we have any */
if (wavenc->metadata) {
write_metadata (wavenc);
write_cues (wavenc);
write_labels (wavenc);
}
#endif
/* write header with correct length values */
gst_wavenc_push_header (wavenc, wavenc->length);
/* we're done with this file */
wavenc->finished_properly = TRUE;
/* and forward the EOS event */
res = gst_pad_event_default (pad, event);
break;
}
case GST_EVENT_NEWSEGMENT:
/* Just drop it, it's probably in TIME format
* anyway. We'll send our own newsegment event */
gst_event_unref (event);
break;
default:
res = gst_pad_event_default (pad, event);
break;
}
gst_object_unref (wavenc);
return res;
}
static GstFlowReturn
gst_wavenc_chain (GstPad * pad, GstBuffer * buf)
{
GstWavEnc *wavenc = GST_WAVENC (GST_PAD_PARENT (pad));
GstFlowReturn flow = GST_FLOW_OK;
g_return_val_if_fail (wavenc->channels > 0, GST_FLOW_WRONG_STATE);
if (!wavenc->sent_header) {
/* use bogus size initially, we'll write the real
* header when we get EOS and know the exact length */
flow = gst_wavenc_push_header (wavenc, 0x7FFF0000);
/* starting a file, means we have to finish it properly */
wavenc->finished_properly = FALSE;
if (flow != GST_FLOW_OK)
return flow;
GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (wavenc, "wrote dummy header");
wavenc->sent_header = TRUE;
}
GST_LOG_OBJECT (wavenc, "pushing %u bytes raw audio, ts=%" GST_TIME_FORMAT,
GST_BUFFER_SIZE (buf), GST_TIME_ARGS (GST_BUFFER_TIMESTAMP (buf)));
buf = gst_buffer_make_metadata_writable (buf);
gst_buffer_set_caps (buf, GST_PAD_CAPS (wavenc->srcpad));
GST_BUFFER_OFFSET (buf) = WAV_HEADER_LEN + wavenc->length;
GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_END (buf) = GST_BUFFER_OFFSET_NONE;
wavenc->length += GST_BUFFER_SIZE (buf);
flow = gst_pad_push (wavenc->srcpad, buf);
return flow;
}
static GstStateChangeReturn
gst_wavenc_change_state (GstElement * element, GstStateChange transition)
{
GstStateChangeReturn ret = GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS;
GstWavEnc *wavenc = GST_WAVENC (element);
switch (transition) {
case GST_STATE_CHANGE_NULL_TO_READY:
wavenc->format = 0;
wavenc->channels = 0;
wavenc->width = 0;
wavenc->rate = 0;
wavenc->length = 0;
wavenc->sent_header = FALSE;
/* its true because we haven't writen anything */
wavenc->finished_properly = TRUE;
break;
default:
break;
}
ret = parent_class->change_state (element, transition);
if (ret != GST_STATE_CHANGE_SUCCESS)
return ret;
switch (transition) {
case GST_STATE_CHANGE_PAUSED_TO_READY:
if (!wavenc->finished_properly) {
GST_ELEMENT_WARNING (wavenc, STREAM, MUX,
("Wav stream not finished properly"),
("Wav stream not finished properly, no EOS received "
"before shutdown"));
}
break;
default:
break;
}
return ret;
}
static gboolean
plugin_init (GstPlugin * plugin)
{
return gst_element_register (plugin, "wavenc", GST_RANK_PRIMARY,
GST_TYPE_WAVENC);
}
GST_PLUGIN_DEFINE (GST_VERSION_MAJOR,
GST_VERSION_MINOR,
"wavenc",
"Encode raw audio into WAV",
plugin_init, VERSION, GST_LICENSE, GST_PACKAGE_NAME, GST_PACKAGE_ORIGIN)